Case Study Business Process Reengineering - 2510 Words

Business Process Reengineering AIS Term Paper 900133849 Abstract Make sure the tense is the same Introduction â€Å"I think that this is the work of angels. In a world where so many people are so deprived, it s a sin to be so inefficient.† This is what Dr. Michael Hammer had to say when discussing his 1990s breakthrough business process reengineering idea (The Economist). As defined by Dr. Hammer himself, reengineering is to â€Å"use the power of modern information technology to radically redesign our business processes in order to achieve dramatic improvements in their performance.(HARVARD BUS REV)† The theme of my Management and Leadership class at Concordia is innovation and it enhanced my desire to learn about different innovative techniques in the business setting. We have oft discussed that if a business doesn’t innovate then it will go extinct (Daft and Marcic 311). Business process reengineering is one of the most influential business change movements of all time and it has been mired in controversy and shaken up the business world with both positive and negati ve contributions Literature Section: In 1990, while he was a Computer Science professor at MIT, Dr. Michael Hammer developed his idea of business process reengineering, or BPR for short (Economist) He published an article in the Harvard Business Review where he hoped to usher in a new era business efficiency by evaluating, streamlining, combining, andShow MoreRelatedCase Study: Business Process Reengineering General Motors Corporation900 Words   |  4 PagesCase study: Business Process Reengineering General Motors Corporation   â€Å"General Motors is one of three leading automotive manufacturing companies in the United States. Based in Michigan in 1903 by Henry ford and grew to reach revenue of $150 billion and more than 370,000 employees by 1996. In the 1970s, the automobile market for the major auto makers - General Motors (GM), Ford, and Chrysler- was crunched by competition from foreign manufactures such as Toyota and Honda. In 1999, Ford acquiredRead MoreBusiness Process Reengineering Essay1589 Words   |  7 PagesBackground Business process reengineering has widely become a significant trend in enterprise organizations seeking to innovate and massage business processes. It should come as no surprise that â€Å"over the last decade, numerous organizations have significantly changed their business processes in order to remain competitive in the global market† (Hadaya Pellerin, 2008). The text analyzes business process reengineering as a business process solution for efficiently improving information systems withinRead MoreReengineering The Corporation : Manifesto For Business Revolution1647 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The book entitled ‘Reengineering the Corporation: Manifesto for Business Revolution’ authored by the renowned reengineering consultants James Champy and Michael Hammer yields great insights regarding the change that the organization desperately requires time to time. Since the start of their book the authors begin in defence of reengineering as they insist that the process of reengineering is more than the forgotten fad of 1990s. This book is a must read for the business managers who have beenRead MoreSupply Chain Management Approach Analysis Essay1034 Words   |  5 PagesThis case study discusses a supply chain management approach analysis and describes how project managers should implement business processes to understand the importance of a successful project implementation. The case analyzes the â€Å"topics related to financial management, accounting, procurement, sales, marketing, contracts, manufacturing, distribution, logistics, the supply chain, strategic pl anning, tactical planning, operations management, organizational structures and behavior, personnel administrationRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Reengineering The Corporation 1230 Words   |  5 PagesREVIEW OF THE BOOK ‘REENGINEERING THE CORPORATION’ ‘Reengineering the Corporation’ is a book by Michael Hammer and James Champy that seeks to address the shortcomings of the various cultures and organizations in the business sector. The authors also give suggestions of how such cultures and processes can be discarded and better business processes adopted. According to them, this would be the only way to achieve the best performance and development in society as a whole. The book is divided into fourRead MoreReengineering The Corporation : A Manifesto For Business Revolution1437 Words   |  6 Pagesthe book Reengineering the Corporation: A Manifesto for Business Revolution, Michael Hammer and James Champy discuss a concept that he originated known as â€Å"reengineering†. The process of reengineering involves coming up with new ideas, specifically processes, which are technologically advanced and extremely effective in completing corporate work. Companies must think ahead so that they will not only succeed today, but also set the rules for future business. A critical part of reengineering involvesRead MoreThe Changing Scenario Of Sbi ( State Bank Of India ) After Adopting The Concept Of Bpr Essay1503 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION Financial institutions and banks will continuously claim in order to provide the customer driven services. For this the banks and financial institutions are being adopted the unique concepts in business process reengineering i.e., the fundamental rethinking and radical redesign in the business of processes to achieve the dramatic improvements of critical, contemporary measures in performance such as the cost, quality, speed and service. At present the era of cut throat competition in both atRead MoreThe Problem Of Lean Manufacturing1305 Words   |  6 PagesAgain, LT help firm to redesign the patients’ pathway. The significant numbers of waste were eliminated and achieved more efficient process. The patients’ pathways were reduced significantly. From the fact, originally, there were 19 steps in serving patients, but with lean they were reduced to 11. This leads to the deduction in lead time in just 80 minutes [16]. As usual, every theory implemented has its own limitation. For lean thinking, it can help manufacturing industry to achieve in minimizingRead MoreBusinbess Driven Technology1031 Words   |  5 PagesGOT MILK? IT’S GOOD FOR YOU UNLESS IT’S CONTAMINATED CASE STUDY/RESEARCH. Question 1: Explain why the supply chain can dramatically impact a companys base performance ANS: Supply chain management involves the management of information flows between and among stages in a supply chain to maximize total supply chain effectiveness and profitability. The dozens of steps are required to achieve and carry out each of the above components. SCM software can enable an organization to generate efficienciesRead MoreBusiness Process Reengineering2936 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction – Characterization of BPR 3 Concepts 4 BPR Methodologies 7 A Case study of Ford Motor Company 7 Business Process reengineering failure 10 Keys to Business Process Reengineering success 11 Case Study 11 Summary 12 Introduction – Characterization of BPR Business Process Reengineering explained Coffee Shop scenario Whenever we order our drinks at the coffee shops on a daily basis, we are actually triggering a business process. When the waiter at the coffee shop takes the order at our table

The Hero s Journey The Odyssey - 1833 Words

The Hero’s Journey is a format of writing that follows a similar path: Separation, Initiation, and Return. Odysseus’s adventure, in the epic poem The Odyssey, is a perfect example of the Hero’s Journey. Odysseus is separated from his hometown during the Trojan War, and is put through multiple trials and obstacles that slow his return home. Eventually, he makes his return to Ithaca. I am Matt Farruggio, although I have only been on this Earth for 14 years, I have followed the hero’s journey as well. In my life, I have had some experiences that embody the style of the Hero’s Journey. In my life, I have had to change schools and my dad has had a stroke; during these times I’ve needed to embark on a trip that resembled the Hero’s Journey. My journey changed my way of life as it made me more independent. My school transfer and my dad’s stroke forced me to become a more responsible and resourceful person. In The Odyssey, Odysseus†™ left his homeland to go fight in the Trojan War. He learned what it feels like to be separated from his family and how willing he was to return home. In my life, I became separated from what I knew and what I called home. I was forced to leave my old school and transfer to a new one. This event affected me both mentally and emotionally, and made me grow into a strong-willed person... â€Å"I’m the best in the game,† said my seven year old self. I’ve played soccer for most of my life and was in the car on the way to a game. That day was foggy and wet; ourShow MoreRelatedMythic Hero s Journey : The Odyssey And The Wizard Of Oz1452 Words   |  6 Pages Mythic/Hero’s Journey: The Odyssey and The Wizard of Oz The Mythic/Hero’s Journey is a story that has been passed down to every culture being told by people. The Mythic/Hero’s Journey is a path that is described as going to various stages. It has a beginning point which is the â€Å"ordinary point† and an ending point which is the â€Å"return.† Throughout this journey one encounters the call to adventure, refusal of call, mentor, crossing the threshold, enemies, death, reward, and road. These stages canRead MoreLiterary Criticism Of The Odyssey1604 Words   |  7 PagesAssessment Task 1: Essay on The Odyssey The Odyssey by Homer was written during around 700 B.C and it is the second-oldest extant work of Western literature. The Odyssey is an epic poem and can be understood through the lens of archetypal criticism which explores themes that are based on heroism and the protagonist Odysseus is an epic hero who undergoes a ten-year journey to return to Ithaca. Northrop Frye explains the value of archetypal literary criticism in helping modern readers appreciate theRead MoreOdyssey Archetype Essay996 Words   |  4 Pages Odyssey Archetype Essay The Odyssey, a ten long epic journey consisting of love, war, and despair; the odyssey dives into human tragedy that no man would ever want to experience. This is a reason why the odyssey is so significant to today s literature. The Odyssey occurred ancient Greece times. The odysseys genre is an adventure but has aspects of all other genres. In this essay I will be explaining the archetypes in the odyssey that are most relevant in the Odyssey. I will be going into fullRead MoreTennyson vs Homer Ulysses Vs Oddyseus1667 Words   |  7 PagesTennyson s portrayal of Odysseus in the poem Ulysses. Whereas Odysseus wishes to complete his journey and find relief, Ulysses seeks to continue on a never-ending one. Homer s Odyssey and Tennyson s Ulysses have different desires and their desires lead them on contrasting quests. The hero in Homer s depicts Odysseus as a hero in the process of completing a journey home. The portrayal of Ulysses is a hero that has already completed his journey, but he wishes to go back on another journey. OdysseusRead MoreThe Odyssey Archetype998 Words   |  4 PagesOdyssey Archetype Essay The Odyssey, a ten year long epic journey consisting of love, war, and despair; the odyssey dives into human tragedy that no man would ever want to experience. This is a reason why the odyssey is so significant in today s literature. The Odyssey occurred ancient Greece times. The odysseys genre is an adventure but has aspects of all other genres. This essay be explaining the archetypes in the odyssey that are most relevant in the Odyssey. This essay will be going intoRead MoreAthena In The Odyssey1592 Words   |  7 Pagesstory of homer s epic poem the The Odyssey takes place ten years after the Trojan War is over. There are many heroes of the war that come home to their families, however there are even more that are lost through the long struggling years of the war. Of the few who stayed behind, Odysseus goes through battle after battle, problem after problem, and has had the most trouble coming home. The story opens in the tenth year since the war has ended, almost 20 years sin ce our mighty hero Odysseus went toRead MoreOdysseus Is A Hero?1143 Words   |  5 PagesThe Odyssey by Homer, The character Odysseus is one of the greek heros in this book. He is known as a great hero, because he manages to get through all of these dangerous mission such as : First odysseus makes it alive after travelling for ten years and facing different and more difficult challenges. Odyssey faces dangerous creatures and people. Homer have odysseus pass all theses task and missions to name him one of the great greek gods that ever lived . Some may say Odysseus is not a hero butRead MoreThe Aeneid, The Hero Aeneas Essay1731 Words   |  7 PagesIn Virgil’s â€Å"Aeneid†, the hero Aeneas, a Trojan who traveled to Italy, is faced with a series of challenges. To overcome these challenges, Aeneas seeks help from the gods as he tries to make his way back home. In Homer’s â€Å"The Odyssey†, the hero Odysseus spends ten years trying to return to his homeland, Ithaca. Both heroes face similar challenges that they need to overcome in order to accomplish their goals. The Odyssey has two characters that hinder the hero’s journey; Calypso and Circe. The AeneidRead MoreBeowulf : A Man Of Great Power Essay1567 Words   |  7 PagesLiterary epics tend to follow the basic path in their plotlines of a hero who undergoes a quest, and Beowulf is no different. Beowulf is unique in that his tale is split into two stories taking place decades apart, one when he is a young warrior and the other when he is an old and wise king. Both stories follow the basic structure for a literary epic, a talented hero is charged with a quest, proves himself with a smaller feat, is aided by supplementary characters, enters a foreign and often supernaturalRead MoreThe Epic Of The Odyssey Essay942 Words   |  4 Pagesman who knows it s his right to be king, but who has to deal with adversity in order to get there. However, compared to Odysseus in The Odyssey, who is strong, but untrusting, we will soon see that Sunjata is not only a man but a hero. In both texts we see each man adored by many and even compared to Gods like Odysseus in The Odyssey. However, when we break down the words of each epic we are faced to confront the truths of what a hero really is. This claim explains why The Odyssey expresses a false

Introduction to System Design

Question: Discuss about theIntroduction to System Design. Answer: Introduction It is important to develop proper system design that can satisfy the specified requirements. In addition, providing executives with proper direction and creating decision-making framework for information technology would be helpful for the business. Scalability is one of the characteristics of a particular system that explains its capability in order to cope and perform under increased and expanded workload. In the present report, groups of people required for the business in analyzed. In addition, the methods needed for discovering of the system are analyzed in the present report along with describing recommendations for the franchise. Groups of People Required for the Business As stated by Becker et al. (2013, p.62), system design is the application of the system towards development of the products. In the present case scenario, a teacher desires to begin a Math tutorial class for children of primary school in Melbourne. Students: The class room would be mobile class room that can move around several schools in Melbourne. In order to start such business, it is required to identify the groups of people. They need to talk with the students at first. Parents: As the business deals with tutoring, it is needed to talk with the guardians or parents of the students. Caetano et al. (2016, p.631) mentioned that feedback from their site is vital to create plan and understand necessity of the business. It is also crucial to understand demands of the parents that would be helpful for the business owner to prepare delivered to the students. In addition, the business is directly linked with Math tutoring through mobile classroom. Hence, it is vital to classify the students and talk with them regarding the essentiality and benefits of the mobile classroom (Catthoor et al. 2013, p.522). Business owner: Norman and Verganti (2014, p.622) asserted that one of the vital stakeholders involved in the program is business owner. As the classroom would be independently managed by the franchise, it is required to meet with the learning materials and other materials such as online teaching materials and quizzes. Hence, talking with them would be really helpful for Mrs Ada Lovelace to make system design of the business. School administration: Along with these, the business owner needs to talk with school administration in order to get permissions for allowing their students to take participates in the mobile classroom program (Rappaport et al. 2015, p.621). Consultancy firm: In order to start a business, it is required to develop management report for explaining the entire concepts of the systems. Thus, talking with consultancy firm (NMC Consultancy) is important for starting the business. Methods for Discovering the Requirements in the System It is crucial to explain the requirements of the system that can be descried through system analysis phase activities. Gold (2014, p.522) commented that Joint application development (JAD) is one of the vital methods included in the models for determining requirements of the system design. Rapid application development as well as agile methods would assist to meet the needs of particular system. According to Friedman (2014, p.62), utilization of functional decompositions to the functions of business and procedures are involved within the process of identifying system requirements. Boehm and Thomas (2013, p.414) asserted that system analysis skill is a strong analytical as well as interpersonal skill that based on techniques of the team. It has target to deliver best possible system in lowest cost in the shortest time. In the present case scenario, joint application development brings the owner of the business into the process of design. Rapid application development is condensed vers ion for development of life cycle. On the other hand, agile methods make stress intense for interacting between owners of the business and arrangers of the business (Cline et al. 2015, p.321). Joint application development brings the owner of the business into the procedure of development as actively participants. Engagement of the users in formal process of the system would assist to create successful system. The role of JAD participants is included as leader of the business and participants get insulated from distracting day-to-day operations. On the other hand, rapid application development uses the group approach such as JAD. New information system is involved in order to complete the methodology that includes profitability of getting succeeded. The prototypes are generally modified based on inputs of the users. However, agile methods make an attempt in developing the series of prototypes that are revised and extended into final product of the business. Use of this modeling tools and techniques engage the graphical method; whereas system analysts would determine the requirements of the business. Scalability and Important Factors as Recommendation for Franchise System of scales would be able to maintain and increase the level of performance and efficiency through larger operational demands. In the financial markets, scalability is referred as the financial institutions of the ability that can handle in increased demands. A scalable economy can maintain and enhance margins of profits at the time of increasing sales volume. Scalability needs to be included within the context of business strategy that explains ability of the organization. In present days, technology makes easier in acquiring scale and customers. Scalable business concentrates on implementing the procedures that can lead to make efficient operation in the business (Kim et al. 2015, p.255). There is lack of brand enforcement cause the organizations to lose the core value and decrease scalability. In present scenario, several keys are responsible for developing scalable business. Developing concrete foundation is useful for investing time as well as energy in the system of founda tion. Robust system like powerful software can be helpful to develop details for time-consuming. In addition, focusing on scalable solutions can make expertise in short time. Embracing strategic planning makes a link in idea and getting success and development. Understanding of the business can make preparation to deal with various challenges and prepare for scopes. In addition, concentrating on the core strengths as well as outsourcing for tasks related with the business. Scalability in business is important for recommending franchise business. Several small business modules are included in this process that is ideal for several unit ownership included at the same point. In addition, opening of the business as mobile tutorial coaching can make sense in order to invest in it. Things of perspective franchise of the buyer are excited regarding the process of learning in business. It is vital for the partners of the franchise with well designed and making constant development over the time. It is vital to understand the franchise partners in order to comprehend the business model. Successful business model for franchises spend major time and motivating commission-based on the sales team. Supporting scalability as tools would help to improve the business of franchise (Stampfl et al. 2013, p.222). There are high levels of making consistency that can be related to the business with high level of consistency. Leverage of existing assets expands business of th e organization that leverages for existing assets to get the market sooner. The platform works for the organization. The organization of franchise requires making proper plan in arranging mobile classroom program. Every classroom need to be independently owned as well as managed. The learning equipments and materials like games and online teaching materials need to be gathered in the organization. The franchisee needs to make proper stakeholder management technique to arrange all supporting materials of online teaching. Linking to mobile computers to each of the classrooms require accessing of the learning materials. The learning materials need to be cached locally within the mobile classroom. Bus of the classrooms are required to provide waiting longue for guardians or parents and allow them to bring own device (Putnik et al. 2013, p.633). Large screen tablets are required to supply in the mobile classroom to each of the students. In addition, mobile class room needs to be eco-friendly that is suitable for the students. Moreover, the franchise needs to make plan to expand their business in Sydney and Brisbane. Therefore, it is required to understand demands of those areas and develop strategy for fulfillment. Central support likes booking system and finance management would be helpful to get success in the business of particular franchise. Hence, developing proper system design would be helpful for success and getting profit in the business. Conclusion From the above discussion it can be concluded that, there are several points allow the business to make it scalable as well as profitable in the market condition. Standardization provides advantages from getting ability in order to get success in the market. Proper way of creating standard procedure is vital for completing the work. Continuous management is the biggest assets of the organization. It is helpful to move different parts of the organization and make the turn easier. In order to overcome the challenges and improve on the business, it is required to take measures that would assist to gain competitive advantages in the business. References Becker, J., Kugeler, M. and Rosemann, M. eds., 2013.Process management: a guide for the design of business processes. Springer Science Business Media. Boehm, M. and Thomas, O., 2013. Looking beyond the rim of one's teacup: a multidisciplinary literature review of Product-Service Systems in Information Systems, Business Management, and Engineering Design.Journal of Cleaner Production,51, pp.245-260. Caetano, A., Silva, A.R., Tribolet, J., Neves, J. and Sinogas, P., 2016, June. The Modify Project: Combined Business and System Modeling for Adaptable Enterprise Computing System Design. InATAS Conferncia APSI(Vol. 1, No. 1). Catthoor, F., Wuytack, S., de Greef, G.E., Banica, F., Nachtergaele, L. and Vandecappelle, A., 2013.Custom memory management methodology: Exploration of memory organisation for embedded multimedia system design. Springer Science Business Media. Cline, B.G., Galvin, J.P. and Lawwill, J.W., International Business Machines Corporation, 2015.Balance management of scalability and server loadability for internet protocol (ip) audio conference based upon monitored resource consumption. U.S. Patent Application 14/852,507. Friedman, B., Kahn Jr, P.H., Borning, A. and Huldtgren, A., 2013. Value sensitive design and information systems. InEarly engagement and new technologies: Opening up the laboratory(pp. 55-95). Springer Netherlands. Gold, S.C., 2014. The design of a business simulation using a system-dynamics-based approach.Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning,30. Kim, M.S., Qiao, L., Raman, V. and Shekita, E.J., International Business Machines Corporation, 2015.Systems, methods and computer program products for reducing hash table working-set size for improved latency and scalability in a processing system. U.S. Patent 9,069,810. Norman, D.A. and Verganti, R., 2014. Incremental and radical innovation: Design research vs. technology and meaning change.Design issues,30(1), pp.78-96. Putnik, G., Sluga, A., ElMaraghy, H., Teti, R., Koren, Y., Tolio, T. and Hon, B., 2013. Scalability in manufacturing systems design and operation: State-of-the-art and future developments roadmap.CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,62(2), pp.751-774. Rappaport, T.S., MacCartney, G.R., Samimi, M.K. and Sun, S., 2015. Wideband millimeter-wave propagation measurements and channel models for future wireless communication system design.IEEE Transactions on Communications,63(9), pp.3029-3056. Stampfl, G., Prgl, R. and Osterloh, V., 2013. An explorative model of business model scalability.International Journal of Product Development,18(3-4), pp.226-248.

The Tempest is based around a key a idea of reuniting family through what may appear to the characters as bizarre coincidence, but in fact is the outcome of witchcraft/magic Essay Example Essay Example

The Tempest is based around a key a idea of reuniting family through what may appear to the characters as bizarre coincidence, but in fact is the outcome of witchcraft/magic Essay Example Paper The Tempest is based around a key a idea of reuniting family through what may appear to the characters as bizarre coincidence, but in fact is the outcome of witchcraft/magic Essay Introduction Shakespeare’s, â€Å"The Tempest† is based around a key a idea of reuniting family through what may appear to the characters as bizarre coincidence, but in fact is the outcome of witchcraft/magic. It is widely thought the main character (Prospero) is a transformation of the famous writer himself, William Shakespeare, as Prospero pursues his studies over his people and also is very fond of his daughter. We are first introduced to Prospero in Act I Scene II where we see his daughter Miranda questioning him about the shipwreck, here Shakespeare uses conversation as a tool to build up our first impressions of Prospero and to explain his past. My first impression is that he is quite self-centred as he tries to portray himself as a great character and role model to Miranda as is all his actions are for her benefit, â€Å"No harm. I have done nothing but in care of thee,† The Tempest is based around a key a idea of reuniting family through what may appear to the characters as bizarre coincidence, but in fact is the outcome of witchcraft/magic Essay Body Paragraphs This could also be interpreted as the role of a loving father but then Prospero goes on to tell her about her past which he has kept from her for twelve years, is this so loving? Prospero may well have been attempting to protect his daughter, or it may appear to the audience that he was purposely withholding information from her just to ensure that his plan went ahead accordingly. He also talks of how he was unfairly overthrown from his prestigious position as Duke of Milan, but yet Antonio is not here to defend himself so as an audience we may stop to question whether this view is entirely true as he tries to dismiss the fact that he was more concerned with his studies. He desperately tries to maintain a high level of respect from Miranda, â€Å"Thou attend’st not? O, good sir, I do.† This gives me the impression that he is esteemed by power, thrilled by the fact that he has such authority, unintentionally portraying himself as domineering. Throughout the play we are a ble to see the duality in Prospero’s character. Shakespeare shows us two distinct sides to Prospero, one being the tyrant and the other being the protector. If we look at him as the tyrant we can firstly look at the main reason of the play; the shipwreck. Even though Prospero didn’t harm anyone onboard the ship, he still caused the shipwreck, at first it appears that this is an abuse of his power, but the thing that strikes me most is that it was actually Ariel who caused the storm but Prospero doesn’t reveal this to Miranda and even puts her to sleep before summoning Ariel. (This again could be seen as the role of a protecting father.) A key implement in Prospero’s strive for power is his cloak, when wearing it he is in complete control and then once removed he returns to being the loving father. Shakespeare takes care to ensure that the elements of his loving father side are still apparent, e.g. when he tells Miranda of how her smile helped to sustain h im through the journey from Milan to the island, â€Å"Thou wast that did preserve me. Thou didst smile, Infused with a fortitude from heaven,† The biggest debate, in my opinion, is whether Prospero caused Miranda and Ferdinand to fall in love or whether it was natural. We can look at it from both the tyrant and the protector side. It appears that Prospero has set everything up down to the very last detail to guarantee that his plan will work and hence Miranda and Ferdinand will marry.but does that mean that he made them fall in love? Yes and no, you could argue yes because if it weren’t for his plotting they would never have met in the first place, but no in the sense that he pretended to be against the idea so as to test that Ferdinand’s love was real. Throughout the play there is a continuing sense that Prospero is like a god. He is in control of his domain, has caused everything that has happened to take place, and has power over every situation. He is omnip resent in the sense that he sends Ariel to keep watch over everything that’s going on and to goad and generally cause havoc, Ariel then reports back to Prospero so that he is kept up to date and can begin to plot his next plan of action. Again, here Shakespeare seems to provoke a domineering image of Prospero and this also highlights his treatment of Ariel. Any time Ariel asks Prospero about when he will finally be released, Prospero reminds him of the treacherous life he rescued him from. As readers we can see that this is quite hypocritical as Prospero rescued Ariel from one life of slavery and plunged him straight into another, â€Å"Dost thou forget From what torment I did free thee?† Prospero’s treatment of Ariel varies as one minute he’s referring to him as â€Å"malignant thing† and then the next, â€Å"My quaint Ariel,† so again Prospero could be perceived as being contradictory. In Act II Scene I the idea of Prospero as a god is fur ther progressed, when he tests Sebastian and Antonio through Ariel by providing them with the chance to kill Alonso and Gonzalo, here we see Shakespeare using similar temptation as in Macbeth. When Prospero commands Ariel to awaken the victims Shakespeare lightens the mood by putting in a witty song, written in rhyme. Although it may appear that Sebastian and Antonio are in control, we as the audience know that Prospero is the real force behind it all, testing them to a certain extent and then stopping. If we look now to Prospero’s treatment of Caliban, we see that even though he is in the same position as Ariel, Caliban reacts very differently to his situation. Caliban believes that every bad thing that happens to him is down to Prospero. As an audience we can justify that Prospero is in fact innocent with regards to the pinching, scaring, annoying, misleading, chattering, biting and hissing, and we may begin to see how Shakespeare uses Caliban to show us that Prospero isnâ €™t to blame all the time. We also begin to understand why Prospero refers to him in such a rude manner, e.g. â€Å"freckled whelp†, â€Å"lying slave†, and â€Å"filth†. In Act III Scene II we are again shown how differently the two creatures react to their treatment when Caliban tells Trinculo and Stephano that Prospero stole the island from his possession, â€Å"As I told thee before, I am subject to a tyrant, a sorcerer, that by his cunning hath cheated me of the island.† Ariel, although again invisible, responds in opposition with â€Å"Thou liest.† This, from the view of the audience, again reinforces our perception that Prospero may be loving after all as Ariel has a tendency to exaggerate as well as Caliban but yet he supports Prospero on this account. Another godlike trait of Prospero is his tendency to test people, we continually see him do this throughout the play and one of the most important times we see this, when Shakespeare has him positioned above the scene in full view of the audience is in Act III Scene III when he commands the spirits to enter with a banquet and then when they approach to feast Ariel stops them with a speech, rather like a sermon, educating rather than punishing, summing up the play with, â€Å"You fools! I and my fellows Are ministers of Fate† Here Shakespeare imposes the idea of heaven and hell by having Ariel dressed as a Harpy (creature of hell) and the good and bad divide with the god watching over. But in some cases it may be perceived that Prospero is actually and evil god as he is teasing them with food. Even though Alonso thinks he has been punished for abandoning Prospero in his hour of need, we as the audience know that he hasn’t truly been punished but in fact that his son is alive and so here we may realise that Prospero isn’t really out for revenge. This scene shows us Prospero in control, as a magician, and also as a godlike figure. The language Shak espeare chooses to use in Ariel’s speech is very strong, the use of â€Å"you† may even make members of the audience feel as though he is talking to them. This play has a continuing theme of denouement, i.e. the untying of knots, and this is the structure of all of Shakespeare’s plays. In Act IV Scene I we see both the tyrant and the loving father side as Prospero addresses Ferdinand on the matter of sex before marriage, even though he is still being very formal and in some ways quite aggressive it is due to his love for Miranda, by handing her over to marriage with Ferdinand Prospero describes the process as giving away, â€Å"A third of mine own life† And therefore Shakespeare encourages members of the audience to empathise with Prospero. At the same time people may see this as his possessive nature, treating Miranda like his property, and quite chauvinistic but we must remember that this is what father’s did in that period. Throughout Act IV the image of Prospero as a playwright/director is built up increasingly, he makes it clear that the fun and games are over now, it was just like a game of chess to him with the King being cornered. In line 184, Prospero again is quite contradictory when he calls Ariel, â€Å"my bird† as the â€Å"my† could either be taken as possessive again or affectionate but then birds are closely associated with freedom but also captivity. When Prospero enters in magic robes in Act V Scene I, he is carrying a staff which of course is commonly used in the bible, both to symbolise power but also to smite things. In line 52 he requests heavenly music, Gonzalo is also described as religious similar to Banquo and King Duncan, i.e. Shakespeare’s â€Å"good† characters are all religious. At the end when we see Prospero set Ariel free, we see Prospero being presented as loving again, as he kept his promise and we can see that he was being truthful all along about trying to resol ve everything. The common theme of Prospero as a god is more definite as he decides what is to be done and has the final words as they leave his domain, his epilogue is quite powerful in the sense that he has had victory over the situation, everything is as he had planned and now he can resume normal life. How does Shakespeare present Prospero in The Tempest? We will write a custom essay sample on The Tempest is based around a key a idea of reuniting family through what may appear to the characters as bizarre coincidence, but in fact is the outcome of witchcraft/magic Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Tempest is based around a key a idea of reuniting family through what may appear to the characters as bizarre coincidence, but in fact is the outcome of witchcraft/magic Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Tempest is based around a key a idea of reuniting family through what may appear to the characters as bizarre coincidence, but in fact is the outcome of witchcraft/magic Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

The Night In Question By Tobias Wolff

Drunk Drivers Essays

Drunk Drivers Essays Drunk Drivers Essay Drunk Drivers Essay Drunk Drivers Drunk driving has been known to cause many deaths in United States and continues to cause more deaths. It is recognized as a crime and punishable by law. This is considered a lesser crime than others are, which is quite disturbing considering the fatalities it causes. First time offenders receive very light punishment such as having their licenses suspended for a period. This does not seem to deter the crime, considering that almost half of those found to cause fatal accidents under the influence of alcohol are not first time offenders. Therefore, when the first offenders are let go free with just a mere punishment, the courts are realizing criminals to the community. Nationally, drunk driving made up a 31% in 2010. This meant that every close to 45 minutes a person was killed by drunk driving. Therefore, to avoid drunk driving that is causing so many fatalities, I argue that drunk drivers should be imprisoned on the first offense to ensure no body will be thinking of starting the h abit. In conclusion, it is clear that drunken drivers should be jailed at fist offence in order to deter the criminal behavior that is claiming many people around the whole world. despite the current efforts of deterring drunk driving, the number seems to continue rising. Thus, with out imprisonment for such offenders, people might continue to see drunk driving as a lesser crime eliciting lesser penalty. Therefore, imprisonment would ensure that people have a reason to avoid drunken driving. According to Alund, â€Å"A host of successful preventive measures have been used to discourage impaired driving, and the state has recognized that fear works and responded by ramping up DUI penalties,† (2012). Therefore, I strongly suggest that imprisonment even for first offenders be implemented.

The British Constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The British Constitution - Essay Example It is also mostly embedded in the written form through various statutes, judgments and treaties apart from the conventional principles. In countries like the USA whose democratic origin has been very recent, writing constitution for a new country after their independence from British rule was a necessity. But, parliamentary democracy in Britain has a very long history and the Parliament of UK is one of the oldest democratic institutions in the world. After the merger of the Parliament of Scotland in 1707 and Ireland in 1801 with the English Parliament, it has been known as the Parliament of the United Kingdom.   The country has an established judiciary system with a long history and the system has been evolving over the period of time mainly based on precedents in the legal landscape.   Parliamentary sovereignty is the fundamental principle of the un-codified British Constitution. There were controversies at the time of UK’s accession to European community based on the con cerns that law-making functions could eventually be transferred to the EC Commission and the Council of Ministers. After the accession of the UK to European Economic Community, European common law has gained preeminence in the UK which is inevitable. In Thoburn v Sunderland City Council [2002] it was observed â€Å"All the specific rights and obligations which EU law creates are by the ECA incorporated into our domestic law and rank supreme: that is, anything in our substantive law inconsistent with any of these rights and obligations.... In Thoburn v Sunderland City Council [2002] it was observed â€Å"All the specific rights and obligations which EU law creates are by the ECA incorporated into our domestic law and rank supreme: that is, anything in our substantive law inconsistent with any of these rights and obligations is abrogated or must be modified to avoid the inconsistency†.   (Baili, 2002) But, it is important that the EU law for this purpose should originate from and authorized by the Parliament. It was asserted in the case that there is nothing in the ECA which allows the Court of Justice, or any other institutions of the EU, to touch or qualify the conditions of Parliament's legislative supremacy in the United Kingdom. In the Thoburn case there was criminal conviction of Steven Thoburn, a green grocer and other defendants for various offences inter alia calibration of weighing machines and the use of unapproved instruments or measures. In such cases which deal with constitutional issues, politica l and legislative implications are also involved. Drewry, G. (2007, p.112) states â€Å"the political and parliamentary implications are every bit as important as the legal ones. Both (one of which is Thoburn’s) cases, in their different ways, were concerned with important areas of national and European public policy, and with legislation that is a product of political processes’. The written constitutions in such cases are likely to pose adaptation problems as the issue covers various aspects of international importance and cross border activities. The establishment of European Court of Justice and its growing significance in the legal system of the United Kingdom and the supremacy of EC law in the event of conflicts with the UK laws have caused a great deal of discussions and

The Corporate Veil in the UK and US Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

The Corporate Veil in the UK and US - Coursework Example Salomon quotes have been repeated many times over history, and it is described by Lord Templeman as an â€Å"unyielding rock†,7 especially after its being codified in the Companies Act 2006 in section 16(2). But how does the corporate veil affect corporate governance? What are the consequences of the veil, especially when it is lifted? Have directors been able to use the veil to commit fraudulent activities, or have shareholders’ rights been made stronger? It is important to first examine the concept of corporate governance, in particular in relation to directors and shareholder’s rights. Shareholder Rights and Directors in Corporate Governance Shareholders are defined as the investors in the company; they are often described to have considerable amounts of power to elect and even remove directors from the board, although it will be shown below that this is not actually the case anymore because their rights have been greatly reduced. On the other hand, the direct ors are the upper most governing body of the company, although they are restricted in many ways by way of their directors’ duties to act in the best interests of the company and to promote the business as a whole. Directors create and put into action the company’s policies and manage the actions and interactions of the company. Shareholders also possess some non-financial rights, especially in relation to the protection of their invested shares. Shareholders, as well as vote to appoint and remove directors, can also have an effect on the laws of the company, and change directors’ acts so they act according to the company laws, or articles of association. This does not mean that shareholders have a lot of power over the company generally, but their ability to vote does give them some importance and... The paper tells that corporate Governance principles have a big effect on the aspect of the corporate veil. The company structure which separates the power contained by directors in their managing roles and the ownership in the hands of the shareholders has caused problems as to how the corporate veil can affect corporate governance. How can directors be made properly accountable to the shareholders, and does this improve corporate governance? Davies terms this as â€Å"the quest for stockholder democracy†, and says the apparent simple solution of improving levels of democracy and increasing accountability in the corporate structure is difficult to apply in reality. It is suggested that increased participation of shareholders is difficult and maybe not even desirable because it makes decision making more difficult to achieve. It is said that the corporate governance principles in the US are more a result of â€Å"path-dependent history than the ‘natural’ result o f an inevitable evolution toward greater efficiency†. Yet it has been said that the UK system of separate ownership prevents corporate governance from being monitored properly. Such critics say that a more central application of corporate governance is needed, so that it can be more objective and can be implemented more quickly. Shareholders are also not willing in many cases to start litigation when fraud or abuse has happened, because of the costs of litigation that directors often have little trouble of paying but which shareholders may have problems financing in the UK.

Leadership journal 2- change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership journal 2- change - Essay Example Likewise, the response to evaluating the change in the work setting would necessitate including a change theory and detailing how the use of the theory did or would have helped the implementation of the change. The Change Transition in the Work Setting One is currently working as a registered nurse with a Nursing and Rehabilitation Health Care Facility. The change that currently occurred in this work setting is transitioning from manual or paper-based documentation to computer-based documentation system. Due to the fast paced-technological developments that ensued in the current century, the impetus for change to transcend from paper-based documentation to computer-based documentation through the electronic medical record (EMR) was deemed inevitable. Previous Paper-Based Documentation System The system that had been used to document crucial information, assessment, and interventions provided to patients were traditionally recorded through charting. This means that a patient’s chart is used to record all pertinent information since the patient’s entry in the health care setting for confinement. Several health care practitioners and professionals use the patients’ charts to document their observation, recommended intervention, and diverse health-related information to record the patients’ progress throughout the confined period. Several variables or factors paved the way for the paper based documentation system to exhibit inefficiencies in the health care setting. For one, the volume of patients that have significantly increased through time could not appropriately contain all the information through a patient’s chart. In addition, the number of diagnostic or laboratory tests, and recommended interventions by different health care professionals make recording tedious and complex. As such, there were evident disadvantages found to be related to paper-based documentation; including it being considered a â€Å"poor repository of p atient information†¦ also the tasks associated with such record keeping consume up to 38 percent of the physician's time associated with an outpatient visit† (Tang, LaRosa, & Gorden, 1999, par. 5). Likewise, it is prone to wear and tear; have greater tendencies for encountering difficulties in updating and keeping in file through time; missing information or record; as well as ineligble handwriting could significantly affect and influence the quality and accuracy of patient care that would be provided on a timely manner. Proposed Electronic or Computer-Based Documentation The change that is currently being implemented in using a computer-based patient record (CPR) or documentation system. According to previous studies, the objective or goal of the CPR is â€Å"supporting patient care and improving the quality of care as well as enhancing the productivity of the health care personnel while reducing the costs of health care delivery† (Rodriguez, Borges, Rodriguez, An garita, & Munoz, n.d., p. 1). The CPR therefore addresses all the weaknesses of the paper-based documentation system, particularly limiting or preventing errors in transcribing ineligible handwriting; preventing records being lost; and doing away with filing the patients’ records in repositories which could be destroyed or ineffectively maintained. The Manner by Which the Change was Received Several health car

Effects Of Globalisation And Terrorism On Human Rights Politics Essay

Effects Of Globalisation And Terrorism On Human Rights Politics Essay Looking at the above topic one will say it is a straightforward question, but there is more to it than one may think. In this easy we will start by finding out what the two main key words are: Which are globalization and terrorism? Also, try to find out what each means. Globalization is the process in which government of different nations interact and integrate with each other, on the other we can say globalization is internationalization, liberalization, universalization and the westernization since it has been of far and has spreads so far and attracted so much attention. It is also classify as the growth of relations between people, from financial and investment market, which operate internationally, and within one network. However, globalization is usually recognized as being driven by a combination of economic, technological, sociocultural, political, and biological factors.  The term can also refer to the transnational circulation of ideas, languages, or  popular culture  through  acculturation (Nicholson 2nd Edition 2002). However the word terrorism is politically and emotionally charged and of difficulty of providing a precise definition, studies have found 1000 of definitions for terrorism and yet the concept cannot be agree on the right term with how terrorism can be define, since terrorism itself is very controversial and it is very important because, terrorism is an incredibly complex phenomenon due to the act of violence. Which when confronts government and international community with extremely painful dilemmas and notoriously difficult policy decisions have to be made (Wilkinson 2006). Terrorism can be briefly defined as a systematic use of murder, injury, and destruction or threat, to create a climate of terror. They often sought to avoid the indiscriminate terror against innocent civilian either on moral grounds or because they feared losing public support for their cause (Wilkinson 1993). In view of which is biggest threat to human right we cannot just conclude that terrorism or globalization is within trying to find out the impact of both. We shall consider the effect of globalization and it implication and the spread of it causes, as we stated that globalization is the internationalization, liberalization, universalization and the westernization as well as the growth of relation between people (Kofman and Youngs 2008). The spread of technological advances and dynamic entrepreneurship are the driving forces behind globalization, which has brought in it threat to human right. For their part, according to Marxist who regards capitalism as the engine of globalization and while other clam it have the primary cause in the knowledge structures and cultural politics (Scholte 2000). A further account of globalization as a threat to human right would combine elements from different approaches, resulting in multifaceted explanation which may prefer a more concise formula where the dynamic force of globalization are reduce to a single driving force. In other cases of globalization where other historical trend has be a major player; social relations involve complex interconnections that cannot be reduce since this has given terrorist the freedom to information and technology to help improve their network. The argument about the threat of globalization to human right can be elaborated as, The spread of rationalism as a dominant knowledge framework, certain turns in capitalist development, technological innovations in communications and data processing; and the construction of enabling regulatory framework which has contributed in differently in 40,30,20,and 7 percentages respectively and other factors take 3 per cent are the cause of globalization (Scholte 2000 pp 90). Globalization has occurred in part because of certain powerful patterns of social consciousness which has affected the human right race; nevertheless, globalization could not have occurred in the absence of the extensive innovations development in respect of transport, communications and data processing. However we cannot leave out industrialization which in general has figured more centrally in the transformation in the environmental problems, as other suggested the technological change has been the most prominent courses of globalization. To start with the normative of globalization that affect human right and in what ways and to what extent has contemporary globalization increased or decreased in relations to human safety and confidence. Absolute security is of course no longer available due to the inflation of technological advancement created by globalization no social order can remove all the uncertainty, destruction and death. In contrast, of contemporary globalization, which has been associated with the inflow of information, communication and data connectivity has made globalization being threat to human right and lack of freedom of moving without any fear (Scholte 2000). We will now look at another key word in the topic being discuss Terrorism in relations of being threat of human right, as defined earlier, the word Terrorism and Globalization share at least one thing in common which is the complexity of their definitions. However, terrorism can be characterized, first, by the use of violence. That violences are in many forms and more often and indiscriminately targets non-combatants, who are civilians with right to life. Reaching a consensus on what constitute the act of terrorism is very difficult; the legitimacy of terrorist means and methods is foremost reason for disagreement, some are of the view that terrorist acts are legitimate only if they in accordance of the just war tradition. Terrorism, however is one of the biggest threat to human right since it action are more often not supported and luck of objectives because their goals for change are based on radical ideas that do not have any widespread appeal. In order for terrorist group to influence change, terrorist must provoke drastic responses that acts of violence which will intend act as a catalyst for change and weaken their opponents, one example of these is the bombing in Madrid, Spain 2004, its influence on the outcome of the elections (Baylis , Smith , Owens 2008). The extent of social, culture, and political change brought about by globalization including the increasing interconnectedness and homogeneity in the international system, remain a subject of much disagreement and debate such that the disagreement, in true has influence the discussion of the extent to which level globalization has contributed to the rise of modern terrorism. However, there is little doubt that the technology growth has been associated with globalization and to this extent has improved the effectiveness of terrorist groups. The impact of terrorism on globalization and on human right has been very high and the AI Qaeda or The Base, received global recognition as a result of the attacks in New York and Washington on September 11, 2001. In closer look at the effect of the terrorist action of September 11, 2001 was brought about by the spread of globalization and it association with society becoming increasingly interconnected and terrorist have find it as a mains. We cannot say terrorism is a threat to human right without talking about the major areas where terrorist have operated more often, back to the example of 9/11 the main attack was from the Aviation industries and the reason why we should look at aviation security as an increased factor of globalization which is opening grounds for terrorist to operate from. On the other hand, one will say it is needed for development and growth of nations. There are lessons to be learnt from any form of airline hijacker (terrorist) since it is one of the biggest threats to lives and human right in general (Wilkinson 1993). The technological advances associated with globalization have improved the capabilities of terrorist group to plan and coordinate their operations before any information is link out. In particular technology have improved to the extent that terrorist now have the internet to use as a main to empower individual and cell with the ability to post tracts on the world wide web. Another form of empowerment for terrorist group brought about by globalization is the volume, range and sophistication of propaganda materials. Nowadays terrorist have the ability to build it own website like Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Movement. Once again technology associated with globalization can now enabled terrorist group to coordinate their attack in different part of the world at the same time, the attack on US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania in 1998. Globalization and its technological advancement has also seen the commercially availability of radios and handheld phones, which allowed terrorist cell to operate independently at a substantial distance. Terrorist groups have able to leverage technological development designed to shield identity from unauthorized commercial or private exploitation (Baylis, Smith, Owens 2008). Globalization has undoubtedly pose threat to human right but the threat of terrorism on human right can be counted as more, one can also argued that globalization has come with a lot of technological changes but as to if these changes were of any threat to human right is to be a question of the day, however terrorism could be classify as the biggest threat to human right. In the sense that whenever there is an act of terrorism or when terrorist attack it replication are massive and outrageous living the affected family with so much worries, so is the displacement of people and the fear and panic among other who were not directly affected. These are just the few ways terrorism poses a threat on human right.

Pickwick Papers :: Free Essays Online

Pickwick Papers Charles Dickens’ The Pickwick Papers Dickens’ first novel, originally titled The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, began as a concept first brought forth in the early part of the year 1836. It was at this time when Robert Seymour, an etcher and caricaturist of the day, approached publishers Chapman and Hall with his idea for a series of humorous sketches depicting the mannerisms and way of life of â€Å"Cockney amateurs on holiday in the field.† Seymour had already made a success of sketches that depicted similar subject matter, namely that of Cockney sports, and the follies of members of the fictional â€Å"Nimrod Club.† The publishers agreed to fund the project, under the condition that the sketches be accompanied by some literary commentary. Upon agreement, the publishers set out to find a writer and were turned down several times before they approached Charles Dickens, then a young journalist who had recently published a collection of his own called Sketches by Boz. His role , they informed him, would be to provide a text that was secondary and arising only from the sketches. At the time, Dickens, only twenty-three years old, was about to be married and was willing to take on the project as a means of earning some extra money. He showed his cunning even at that early age, though, when he convinced the publishers that there should be a shift in priorities, telling them that he believed that it would be â€Å"infinitely better for the plates to arise naturally out of the text† (Forster). He also informed the publishers that the original concept, which was to focus on Cockney Sportsmanship was a tired subject, that had been done all too often in the past, and he himself knew very little about the subject. Dickens then proposed to alter the concept and allow for a â€Å"freer range of English scenes and people – a panorama of rural England to complement his mainly urban Sketches by Boz† (Kinsley). On March 26, 1836, The Times announced that â€Å"on the 31st would be published the first shilling of the Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club, edited by Boz. Shortly after, that same publication announced that on April 2nd, Mr.

Describe The Effects Of The Blitz On Everyday Life

In the attempt to describe the effects of the Blitz on everyday life, I will explain what people did before the war began and the actions took to get Britain through the Blitz. Before the Blitz there were many precautions people took incase war was declared on Britain. One of these was gas masks. A gas mask was issued to men, women and children incase gas bombs were dropped. Most homed were equipped with either an Anderson shelter, which was a home built shelter in the garden, or a Morrison shelter, a shelter built underneath the kitchen table. The blackouts began two days before the war began. Under blackout rules, everyone had to cover up their windows at night with black material. This was to make it difficult for German bombers to find their target in the dark. The street lamps were turned off and often people bumped into one another. Traffic accidents were more common because car headlights had to be blacked out, and deaths from drowning increased as people fell off bridges or walked into ponds. The evacuation begun on Friday 1 February, the day German troops invaded Poland. Most children were evacuated in school groups with their teachers. Children and their teachers would meet in the school grounds, where they would get name tags and told to keep their gas masks in the cardboard boxes. Many children were sometimes sent to farms and made to work. Some were sent to big country houses or stately homes. Many of these children had never been out into the country before. Lots of them from the slums were surprised to find themselves staying in houses with inside toilets and carpets. For some children, their parents decided to keep them at home in the city instead of being evacuated. Rationing was introduced due to the shortage of food and the fact that no food could come by ship from over-seas. You were only allowed a certain amount of clothes, food and other household goods. You also still had to pay for them. Ration books were full of coupons which could be cut out and used to buy a fixed amount of rationed foods each week or month. Every time a housewife bought something she had to give a coupon. When she had used up a particular coupon for one week she had to wait until the following week before she could buy any more. Food was very hard to get a hold of, so people were encouraged to grow vegetables in order to feed their family. Cartoon characters called Potato Pete and Dr. Carrot appeared on leaflets, telling people to eat plenty of these foods. The slogan â€Å"Dig for Victory† appeared on posters and banners to encourage people to grow their own food. Meat was hard to get hold of so the government advised people to eat rabbits. In total 1. 4 million homes – one third of London's housing stock – were damaged or destroyed in the Blitz. Electricity, gas and water supplies were disrupted. The impact on civilian morale in London was severe. Some Londoners later recalled that things were close to breaking point: the daily bombings and sleepless nights took their toll. Looting from bombed shops and empty houses was rife. However, the general mood of perseverance became known as the Blitz Spirit. In all, 18,000 tons of high explosives had been dropped on England during eight months of the Blitz. A total of 18,629 men, 16,201 women, and 5,028 children were killed along with 695 unidentified charred bodies. The role of women during the Blitz was very important for helping on the home front. The Women's Voluntary Service provided fire fighters with tea and refreshments when the clear-up took place after a bombing raid during the blitz. They also provided tea and refreshment for the people sheltering in the underground. At first, only single women aged 20-30 were called up, but by mid-1943, almost 90 per cent of single women and 80 per cent of married women were working in factories, on the land or in the armed forces. In all 640,000 women were in the armed force, 5,000 serving with guns and providing essential air defence, 80,000 thousand in the Land Army plus many more who flew unarmed aircraft, drove ambulances, worked as nurses and worked behind enemy lines in the European resistance. Overall, there were many different effects of the Blitz on everyday life from the evacuation of children to the rationing of food and other household goods.

Inland Beach essays

Inland Beach essays Margaret Creal leaves us with plenty to ponder about as her use of symbolism is used to describe the strength and wisdom of women along with the miracle of birth. Margaret Creal uses symbolism to link the fragility of birth to the delicateness of life. Margaret Creal describes the scenery at the beginning to illustrate what the surrounding beach looks like, however we can also see that her description also resembles the miracle of birth. It is evident that the bay as representing the outside world and the ocean as being still in the women. The bay empties through a narrow neck into the ocean(153). This description of the ocean and bay resembles how babies are brought into the world. This description helps the theme of the story as it may not be possible for all readers to figure it out but it is pretty interesting when found. When Ben tries to get back in from the ocean to the bay he struggles and kicks rhythmically. This is the same as birth in life as it is always difficult to get the child out of the mother. I said, Im trying to come in, and I cant (154). The author only allows us to see the story through the mothers eyes so we can never completely get the full impact of what Ben feels as he is fighting to get back in. This directly reflects what happens when babies are thinking when they are brought into the world. The mood of the story changes dramatically as the mothers attitude changes rapidly as Ben is stuck in the ocean. The mother is very happy when she gets to the beach as everything is in order but she becomes very angry with Ben, as he does not listen to orders. She is in fear as she finally discovers that Ben is moving further out and he cant come back in. She then feels pain in her stomach when she thinks that Ben and she are going to die. In the end the mother is happie ...

Good Students = Good Grades †Here’s 10 Ways to Be That Student

Good Students = Good Grades – Here’s 10 Ways to Be That Student 10 Ways to Become A Good Student Good Student Equals Good Grades We pretty much still define a good student as one who gets good grades. While this may seem a bit narrow for a definition, it is what it is. We could argue that a good student is one who does not just accept what he is told by a professor or a text book, who questions the status quo, who has mastered course content even though his assignments and test don’t show that, and who is able to think outside the box of normal content and learning activities. Bill Gates was not a particularly â€Å"good† student, for example; Einstein was a terrible student. But, if you want the grades that will impress future employers, you have to do those things that will make you a â€Å"good† student in the eyes of the people who give you those grades. Here’s 10 ways to be that â€Å"good† student. Attitudes You Must Have Drive. Sometimes this is called a high level of ambition. The point is, you have to be committed to getting the best grade possible in every course and to doing what it takes to get that. You Must Have Persistence. We never have to be persistent when things come easily. It’s when we fail and we have to start again or when we don’t understand something that persistence kicks in, if we have it. There will definitely be times when you fail and when you don’t â€Å"get† something. Do you give up or do you stick with it until you do it right or understand it? Know When You Need Help. A â€Å"good† student will know when he cannot master a skill or content and when s/he will not be able to fulfil an assignment. And that student will then take steps to get the help that is necessary. Maybe you form a study group; maybe you meet with your professor or TA to get additional help; perhaps you can find a fellow students who can help you. Take Responsibility. Good students understand that they have to get homework done and get all assignments in on time. They know they have to study for exams. And they make certain that they do these things. Develop Flexibility. You will be exposed to a great variety of teaching styles, professor personalities, and types of learning activities. You will need to adapt to all of this variety, â€Å"changing gears† as is called for by a situation. Behaviors Attend Class. Important stuff goes in class. You can’t re-attend a lecture; you can’t generate notes from nowhere, and you can’t capture anything on a whit board once it has been erased. If you have to miss a class, be certain that you get the notes from a trusted peer. Don’t Procrastinate. Waiting to the last minute, especially to write your essays and papers, is a dangerous game. What if you haven’t finished your research and there is an Internet outage? What if you get sick? Get a calendar and a schedule, and construct a timeline for completing each step of a major assignment. Take Notes as You Read Your Texts. If you do this, and put them in a folder along with your lecture notes, you will have everything you need when it comes time to study for an exam. If you don’t do this, you will be re-reading that text, and that is really a waste of valuable time. Find a Good Writing Service. Even the most organized student will sometimes face a crisis and realize that all of those essays and papers simply cannot be completed on time. That's when they will ask "write my essay in 12 hours"  It is re-assuring to know that you have an essay helper that you can trust to come through for you. Use Technology. Record or video lectures; take screen shots of everything that is presented visually Get tools and apps that will keep you organized and format your papers for you and that will remind you when things are due. Get a good grammar checker and plagiarism detection software. If you cannot establish a study group on campus, use one of the online study group options Find a good app that you can use to make flash cards. These are great study devices. If you want good grades, then you have to accept the traditional definition of a â€Å"good† student. Hopefully, you will also learn to question and think outside the box. And a bonus tip? Call your parents even when you don’t need money!

Innovation and Change Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Innovation and Change - Assignment Example 7) and he argued that entrepreneurs are those who perform and carry out new combinations by finding and taking opportunities to be seized to create new products or service and to establish a new marketable contribution to the economy (McDaniel, 2002, p. 57). Innovation is one of the most vital constituents in advancing living standard and wealth creation. Innovation may occur from different guises, but the roles played by both large scale and small to medium sized enterprises in creating innovation and translating the same to useful needs and wants to be met by customers in the market are undeniably critical. Since Schumpeter argued that entrepreneur is an innovator in 1950s, many researchers investigated the relationship between innovation and performance and examined whether small to medium or large scale enterprises are better at innovating than the other (Gronum, Verreynne and Kastelle, 2012, p. 257). The importance of Small and Medium sized enterprises (SMEs) as drivers for econ omic development and for improved social wellbeing has been increasingly acknowledged. Moreover, innovation capacity is a critical requirement for the survival of SMEs (Wolf, Kaudela-Baum, Meissner, 2011, p. 242) mainly because better entrepreneurs are those who are good at innovating and therefore they are found to be successful. This piece of research paper investigates the argument that small to medium sized enterprises are better at innovating than large scale businesses and examines how successful are SMEs in innovating their goods or services. In order to analyze and critically evaluate the argument, this paper explains the meaning and conceptual framework of SMEs, addresses their role in the economy and explains why they are considered as important in terms of its contribution to innovation. Small and medium sized Enterprises (SMEs) Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) constitute the vast majority of all businesses in almost all the countries and they play a very central role in the economy. SMEs are the major sources of entrepreneurial skills, innovation and employment that in turn help the economy grow further. Analoui and Karami (2003, p. 25) defined SMEs as one that has only a small share of its concerned market and is managed in a personalized way by its owner or part-owner, but not through a medium of an elaborate management system. SMEs are not sufficiently large to get access to the capital market for publically issuing of securities. Researchers used different constructs such as annual sales, number of employees, value added, value of assets, annual profits etc to define and explain SMEs. Out of these constructs, number of employees and annual sales are most often used to delimit the category of SMEs. For most researchers, a small to medium sized firm is one that employs no more than 250 persons and is having annual sales of not more than ?50 million (Analoui and Karami, 2003, p. 26). According to OECD, SMEs are non-subsidiary and independ ent firms that employ less than a given number of people. The most frequent upper

To what extent to risk ,rewards and motives contribute towards an Essay

To what extent to risk ,rewards and motives contribute towards an entrepreneurs goals - Essay Example In the current era it can be seen it is mostly the motive of growth that is followed. However, such long-term visions or motives cannot be shared at lower level of the organization. Therefore, long-terms objectives are divided into small achievable tasks and goals in order to bring in a sense of achievement. Thus, in order to keep the employees motivated rewards are offered at the completion of the goals assigned, both at an individual and team level (Joanne, et al., 2013). Reward systems hold a strategic importance for an organization. Human resource being an important contributor in the operations and success of the organization often requires some risks to be taken in order to grow, especially entrepreneurs that try to excel with limited resources. Thus strategic management of all these factors risks, rewards and motives is very important for the success and growth of an organization. Contribution of risks in achievement of goals Every project, action or the decision that the mana gement would take definitely has associated intrinsic and extrinsic risks. With growing business competition and globalization of economies the risks are increasing, not only the larger organizations but also for SMEs and entrepreneurs. It is often said â€Å"high risk high return, low risk low return†. Thus, in order to increase profits and operations of a business, entrepreneurs take risks. The important thing is how these risks are managed. Risk management today has become a critical part of the strategic management of an organization. It allows the identification of the risks and events that can hamper the proceedings of the project, as per planning. It even doesn’t allow its successful completion (John, et al., 2005). Identification of risks allows, in advance, to take precautionary measures. Hence, it gives the control to management to exploit the situation. This further gives an advantage to the organization. It is the strength of the strategic management that c an make the risk to be the critical contributing sector in success of the organization; rather than a diminishing factor that would curtail the progress of the organization. Example of a multinational organization such as Walmart can be taken. Walmart used expansion as the growth strategy. They expanded into new markets facing new and extended risks. Pre-identification and analysis of such risks allowed them to exploit the events in their resources, as risk management had given them the opportunity to make better decisions and allowed them optimum use of their resources. Rewards and Motivation Reward and recognition system holds a critical importance in the human resource management of the organization. Employees or personnel are a major factor that decide the output, productivity and growth of the organization. They are the ones who would be converting the ideas and decisions of the management into actions. Management often splits their long-term objectives into short-terms goals a nd assigns tasks to each employee, individually or as a team. However these are the organizational goals that the employees are working for and they might be different than that of personal goals of an employee. It is the responsibility of the management to align the organizational goals with the employee. Hence, they should work for the benefits of both. It can be said that money is a motivational factor. As per Maslow’s need hierarchy theory, it satisfies the basic needs of an individual. However besides rewards, recognition is

Nissan Skyline Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nissan Skyline - Essay Example In 1954 the two companies were merged together. (http://history.jbskyline.net/). The Nissan Skyline is an intermediate-size automobile range sold in Japan and other countries. It is available in either coupe or sedan body styles, and is sold in North America, South Korea, Taiwan, and the Middle East as the Infiniti G35. The first Skyline under the Prince marque was marketed as a luxury car. It featured a 1.5 L (1482 cc) GA-4 engine producing 60 hp (44 kW). It used a de Dion tube rear suspension and was capable of 87 mph (140 km/h). The car weighed around 1,300 kg. Prince Skylines were produced as four door sedans and five door station wagons. Apart from the sedan the Skyline also spawned pickup truck and van lines called the "Prince Skyway." The model with quad headlights appeared in 1957, powered by the same 1.5L engine. Its production went on through 1961. After Fuji Precision Industries changed its name to Prince the S50 series was launched. This second generation car soon became one of the most popular cars in Asia. It was powered by the G-1 engine, a 70 hp (52 kW) version of the old GA-4. A 1,862 cm engine was also available, delivering 91 hp. In 1962, this model was restyled as the S21S series (Pinker 1990). New styling for S50 became available in 1963. In 1966 after the merge of Nissan and Prince the S50 came out with Nissan Skyline marking. This model lasted in production through 1967, featuring hand-built Michelotti bodies in elegant coupe and convertible versions. These cars used the 1.9 L (1862 cc) GB-30 engine, producing 83 hp (61 kW). In mid-60s Prince created a racing GT Skyline. It was basically a variation of the S54 featuring the larger 6-cylinder G-7 engine from the Gloria S40, though the engine compartment needed modification to fit that long engine. Prince had high hopes for winning the 2nd Japanese Grand Prix with their new vehicle. Competing against the Porsche 904, the Skyline managed 2nd through to 6th places. After the success of the GT Skyline another version, Prince 2000GT was released to the Japanese market. In February 1969 the first GT-R Skyline came out. Nicknamed the Hakosuka amongst fans, it used the new 2.0 L (1998 cc) S20 I6 engine which produced 160 hp (119 kW), being therefore equal to the top sports cars of the time i.e. Nissan R380 racing car with its GR8 engine. First GT-R's were sedans, but a 2-door coupe version came out in March of 1971. To make the cars as light as possible for racing purposes the designers have stripped them of unnecessary equipment thus showing prominent results on track such as 33 victories of the sedan in less than two years and the 50 victories of the coupe in 1972. This GT-R is said to have been a competitor of Mazda's third rotary engine machine, the RX-3, and it is said that the two cars performed a desperate effort for victory at the circuits. The GT-R was also a favorite of wild street racers who roamed the streets at night at that time. It is claimed that the art of drifting began among Japanese racers when they purposely engaged their emergenc y brakes as a way to counter understeer on their GT-Rs. One of the most famous Japanese drifters was the Drift King Keiichi Tsuchiya (http://history.jbskyline.net/). New GT-ES came out with a turbocharged engine, the L20ET, which was the first turbo engine to power a Japanese-manufactured vehicle. Turbo versions had no intercooler and no blowoff valve installed until the R32 powered with the

Development of tourism in Scotland Essay Example for Free

Development of tourism in Scotland Essay For a country to be a successful tourist destination, the normal impression that anybody has is that the country must be easy to access, with modern means of transport and good communication, unlike Scotland. A small country located on the periphery of Europe, Scotland is characteristic of tartans, highlands, mountains, castles and bagpipes etc, and for long, poor accessibility and transportation persisted in the country. Nevertheless, Scotland is among the most successful tourist destinations. Many have tried to bring about development of tourism in the country. The Scotts, in particular, were worried that the country’s inaccurate historic description might taint its image as a tourist destination. But little did they realize that in fact, portraying the country in modern perspective could cause considerable harm to its established image, which attracted a good number of visitors. [Butler, Richard. Tartan Mythology. 1998. p. 122. The traditional tourist image of Scotland. ] Besides the residents, the country saw noteworthy visitors, who contributed, directly or indirectly to its tourism development. The visitors can be distinguished into three groups—those from the field of military and administration, those involved in scientific studies and those who were engaged in works of music, art and literature. All these three groups had different approaches towards development in the country. The group involved in military and administrative activities was not directly related to the development initiative. However, their work involved a lot of traveling within the region. In their journals and writings, the group brought to light the difficulty in traveling in the region and the need for improving the transportation system there. Also, the scientific visitors wrote journals that described the physical features of Scotland and emphasized its historical heritage, which in turn, attracted more visitors. However, the group that comprised authors, and those involved in the works of art and music, was which made a significant impact on the development of Scotland’s tourism. Their approach was the most dominant and certainly the most effective. The works of renowned authors like Scott, Dickens, Wordsworth, just to name a few, described the country as a place with a romantic appeal. They gave vivid accounts of the scenery, the landscapes, the chivalry of the people and the military expeditions, which helped the country to establish a powerful image as a tourist destination. Not to forget one more group that did much to popularize the country—the absentee landlords and their friends. They engaged in sports like shooting and fishing that also made the country very popular and a coveted tourist destination. However, when more and more people started indulging in these sports, they were called off and Scotland remained a limited small tourist spot. [Butler, Richard. Tartan Mythology. 1998. p. 123-125. The traditional tourist image of Scotland. ] The development approaches resulted in improvement in many areas in the country like better communication and transportation facilities, better accommodation arrangements for tourists and the preserving of its natural heritage and culture, the established image of the country. The biggest strength of the development approach in Scotland is the realization that the tourists consider the natural heritage of the country as genuine and they are attracted to it because of its originality, unlike other places that are meretriciously ornamented. Only Development of tourism in Scotland 3 those who tried to fiddle with the traditional image of Scotland and try to portray it modernly reflect a weak approach towards its development. [Butler, Richard. Tartan Mythology. 1998. p. 132-135. The traditional tourist image of Scotland. Yes, the rising participation in adventure activities like skiing and wearing the highland dress, along with the popularity of golf rising significantly, reflect acknowledging of policies to sustain its image. If I were to manage its development, I too would go in for preserving its natural heritage so that visitors could get a real taste of the place. After all, tourists do come to have a bite of the place they visit and their nothing like getting a real taste of it! Reference citations Chapter 7: Butler, Richard: Tartan Mythology. 1998. The traditional tourist image of Scotland, p122-139.

Joan Of Arc Essay -- Biography Biographies Maid of Orleans Essays

Joan of Arc Joan of Arc, first known as Jeanne d'Arc, was born in the village of Domremy, in the Champagne district of northeastern France. She was born on January 6, 1412 and died May 30,1431 at the age of 19. Joan is a French national heroin and a saint of the Roman Catholic Church. She rescued France from defeat during the "Hundred Years War" against England. In honor of her victory she is often called the Maid of Orleans. This is a story of her life. Joan was not a well-educated woman. She had never learned to read or write but was skilled in sewing and spinning. Her deeply religious mother and father, Isabelle and Jacques d'Arc raised her. Joan's father was a small peasant farmer, poor but not needy. Joan was the youngest of a family of five. She grew up herding cattle and sheep and helping in the fields during the harvest. Joan often referred to herself as Jeanne la Pucelle (Joan the Maid.) Joan, like most other children, spent much time praying to the statues of saints that stood around the church in her village. At the age of 13 in the summer of 1425, she began having religious visions and hearing what she believed were voices of saints. They started occuring once a week and as she got older they happened daily. She said the voices told her to always behave, obey her parents, pray, etc. She claimed they were the voices of St. Michael, St. Catherine, and St. Margaret. She was said to be a Clair Voyant, a person who has knowledge of events happening far away or in the futures without using any of the five senses. The visions and voices never left her. Finally, four years later she was convinced that God had chosen her to help King Charles VII clear the English from French land. Joan set out to Vancoulers to ask the military commander Robert Baudricourt, for an escort to visit the king. The commander did not take her seriously at first and laughed. Eventually he gave her what she wanted. At the age of 17 in 1429 Joan left to fulfill her first mission or triumph. King Charles VII had been king for 7 years prior. His main enemies were the English and the Burgundians, who supported the English. Both parties controlled Paris and the northern part of France. His enemies did not accept the King. Charles had never been crowned because where kings were crowned was in enemy territory. Meanwhile the military situation of King Cha... ...sisted that her visions and voices came from God. Charles, whom Joan had helped crown, sent no one to rescue her. Months later Joan was sentenced to death by a French Clergy. She was burned at the stake before a large crowd in a marketplace of Rouen, France on May 30, 1431. Her courageous death had caused many to believe they had witnessed the martyrdom of a Saint. Martyrdom is the extreme suffering of a person because of heretics, or strong opinions. Joan did not receive a Christian Burial. Instead her ashes were thrown into the Seine River. In 1455 her family called for a new trial. In 1456, a mere 25 years later, Pope Calixtus III declared that Joan was innocent in the end. Almost 500 years later in 1909 Pope Pius X beatified her, or proclaimed her to exalt above all others. Which is a step towards canonization, or sainthood in the Roman Catholic Church. In 1920, almost 500 years after her death, the Catholic Church canonized Joan, or declared her to be a saint. Her feast day is celebrated the day of her death, May 30. Today many authors write about Joan of Arc. Patriots, people studying the super natural, supporters of women's rights, and many more admire her.

When I Saw Him

The first time I recognized him was from across the cafeteria of my old high school. He was decent looking, had nice eyes, and an amazing smile. I had met him at a party a few weeks ago and we had exchanged numbers. My friend told me that Tim had liked me since the beginning of the school year but just never acted upon it. Once I showed interest in him he leaped at the chance and asked me out. On our first date he took me to a lake and brought his guitar with him. With his beautiful voice he started singing a song and playing along just as stunningly.I was so moved by his gesture that I started liking him back. The next few months were magical, but like any ordinary relationship the waters started getting a little rough as we got closer. The summer before he left for college was very difficult. I was getting scared of him leaving me so I got a little too clingy. We also started getting into trouble on more than one occasion. He liked to drink and smoke a little too much and I would g et so angry when he would yell at me for asking him to settle down. He would say I wasn’t his mom.He was right but I did care about him just as much as she did. He started going places without me and our communication got more and more limited. When he finally left for college is when everything fell apart. During month 10 of our relationship he was going to The New Hartford School of music and later on I found out that he also was selling drugs. Tim did all of the drugs he sold and even a few more. He eventually ran into some trouble with a couple of other drug dealers because he owed them a lot of money.His parents bailed him out and he moved back home. I had a feeling that Tim was getting more and more distant as he continued to go to college. He stopped calling altogether, and even when I called him he refused to answer. Texting became difficult because he wouldn’t give me full thoughts or answers. It got to the point where we didn’t talk for a full week bef ore I was finally worn-out and drained from putting up with his shenanigans. I broke up with him because he was so confused and messed up by the drugs that he stopped talking to me for a straight week.I apparently dumped him just in time too because a month after he was home he ended up getting arrested and thrown into jail for a number of felonies. I saw Tim change drastically while we were going out and I did not want to follow the horrible path he was going down. I loved him but he had to get his stuff together. I also found out that he was diagnosed with bi-polar disorder. We rushed into things both emotionally and physically way too fast. Now that I should really get to know a person before I agree to be in a relationship with them.It wasn’t just his fault that the relationship fell apart. We both had issues when going into it that we didn’t communicate about. His parents did not like me, but they weren’t the nicest to Tim either. I had many problems of my own being a teenage girl in high school with bullies, school work, and family issues. In order to love someone else, a person has to love him/herself first. Tim and I just had too many problems from the beginning and we needed to focus on ourselves individually before going to fast, but we didn’t. Boy, was that a dumb thing to do.

Android Application Development Fundamentals

Application Fundamentals Quickview †¢ Android applications are composed of one or more application components (activities, services, content providers, and broadcast receivers) †¢ Each component performs a different role in the overall application behavior, and each one can be activated individually (even by other applications) †¢ The manifest file must declare all components in the application and should also declare all application requirements, such as the minimum version of Android required and any hardware configurations required †¢ Non-code application resources (images, strings, layout files, etc. should include alternatives for different device configurations (such as different strings for different languages and different layouts for different screen sizes) In this document 1. Application Components 1. Activating components 2. The Manifest File 1. Declaring components 2. Declaring application requirements 3. Application Resources Android applications are written in the Java programming language. The Android SDK tools compile the code—along with any data and resource files—into an Android package, an archive file with an . apk suffix. All the code in a single . pk file is considered to be one application and is the file that Android-powered devices use to install the application. Once installed on a device, each Android application lives in its own security sandbox: †¢ The Android operating system is a multi-user Linux system in which each application is a different user. †¢ By default, the system assigns each application a unique Linux user ID (the ID is used only by the system and is unknown to the application). The system sets permissions for all the files in an application so that only the user ID assigned to that application can access them. Each process has its own virtual machine (VM), so an application's code runs in isolation from other applications. †¢ By default, every application runs in its o wn Linux process. Android starts the process when any of the application's components need to be executed, then shuts down the process when it's no longer needed or when the system must recover memory for other applications. In this way, the Android system implements the principle of least privilege. That is, each application, by default, has access only to the components that it requires to do its work and no more. This creates a very secure environment in which an application cannot access parts of the system for which it is not given permission. However, there are ways for an application to share data with other applications and for an application to access system services: †¢ It's possible to arrange for two applications to share the same Linux user ID, in which case they are able to access each other's files. To conserve system resources, applications with the same user ID can also arrange to run in the same Linux process and share the same VM (the applications must also be signed with the same certificate). An application can request permission to access device data such as the user's contacts, SMS messages, the mountable storage (SD card), camera, Bluetooth, and more. All application permissions must be granted by the user at install time. That covers the basics regarding how an Android application exists within the system. The rest of this document introduces you to: †¢ The cor e framework components that define your application. †¢ The manifest file in which you declare components and required device features for your application. Resources that are separate from the application code and allow your application to gracefully optimize its behavior for a variety of device configurations. Application Components Application components are the essential building blocks of an Android application. Each component is a different point through which the system can enter your application. Not all components are actual entry points for the user and some depend on each other, but each one exists as its own entity and plays a specific role—each one is a unique building block that helps define your application's overall behavior. There are four different types of application components. Each type serves a distinct purpose and has a distinct lifecycle that defines how the component is created and destroyed. Here are the four types of application components: Activities An activity represents a single screen with a user interface. For example, an email application might have one activity that shows a list of new emails, another activity to compose an email, and another activity for reading emails. Although the activities work together to form a cohesive user experience in the email application, each one is independent of the others. As such, a different application can start any one of these activities (if the email application allows it). For example, a camera application can start the activity in the email application that composes new mail, in order for the user to share a picture. An activity is implemented as a subclass of Activity and you can learn more about it in the Activities developer guide. Services A service is a component that runs in the background to perform long-running operations or to perform work for remote processes. A service does not provide a user interface. For example, a service might play music in the background while the user is in a different application, or it might fetch data over the network without blocking user interaction with an activity. Another component, such as an activity, can start the service and let it run or bind to it in order to interact with it. A service is implemented as a subclass of Service and you can learn more about it in the Services developer guide. Content providers A content provider manages a shared set of application data. You can store the data in the file system, an SQLite database, on the web, or any other persistent storage location your application can access. Through the content provider, other applications can query or even modify the data (if the content provider allows it). For example, the Android system provides a content provider that manages the user's contact information. As such, any application with the proper permissions can query part of the content provider (such as ContactsContract. Data) to read and write information about a particular person. Content providers are also useful for reading and writing data that is private to your application and not shared. For example, the Note Pad sample application uses a content provider to save notes. A content provider is implemented as a subclass of ContentProvider and must implement a standard set of APIs that enable other applications to perform transactions. For more information, see the Content Providers developer guide. Broadcast receivers A broadcast receiver is a component that responds to system-wide broadcast announcements. Many broadcasts originate from the system—for example, a broadcast announcing that the screen has turned off, the battery is low, or a picture was captured. Applications can also initiate broadcasts—for example, to let other applications know that some data has been downloaded to the device and is available for them to use. Although broadcast receivers don't display a user interface, they may create a status bar notification to alert the user when a broadcast event occurs. More commonly, though, a broadcast receiver is just a â€Å"gateway† to other components and is intended to do a very minimal amount of work. For instance, it might initiate a service to perform some work based on the event. A broadcast receiver is implemented as a subclass of BroadcastReceiver and each broadcast is delivered as an Intent object. For more information, see the BroadcastReceiver class. A unique aspect of the Android system design is that any application can start another application’s component. For example, if you want the user to capture a photo with the device camera, there's probably another application that does that and your application can use it, instead of developing an activity to capture a photo yourself. You don't need to incorporate or even link to the code from the camera application. Instead, you can simply start the activity in the camera application that captures a photo. When complete, the photo is even returned to your application so you can use it. To the user, it seems as if the camera is actually a part of your application. When the system starts a component, it starts the process for that application (if it's not already running) and instantiates the classes needed for the component. For xample, if your application starts the activity in the camera application that captures a photo, that activity runs in the process that belongs to the camera application, not in your application's process. Therefore, unlike applications on most other systems, Android applications don't have a single entry point (there's no main() function, for example). Because the system runs each application in a separate process with file permissions that restrict access to other applications, your appl ication cannot directly activate a component from another application. The Android system, however, can. So, to activate a component in another application, you must deliver a message to the system that specifies your intent to start a particular component. The system then activates the component for you. Activating Components Three of the four component types—activities, services, and broadcast receivers—are activated by an asynchronous message called an intent. Intents bind individual components to each other at runtime (you can think of them as the messengers that request an action from other components), whether the component belongs to your application or another. An intent is created with an Intent object, which defines a message to activate either a specific component or a specific type of component—an intent can be either explicit or implicit, respectively. A unique aspect of the Android system design is that any application can start another application’s component. For example, if you want the user to capture a photo with the device camera, there's probably another application that does that and your application can use it, instead of developing an activity to capture a photo yourself. You don't need to incorporate or even link to the code from the camera application. Instead, you can simply start the activity in the camera application that captures a photo. When complete, the photo is even returned to your application so you can use it. To the user, it seems as if the camera is actually a part of your application. When the system starts a component, it starts the process for that application (if it's not already running) and instantiates the classes needed for the component. For example, if your application starts the activity in the camera application that captures a photo, that activity runs in the process that belongs to the camera pplication, not in your application's process. Therefore, unlike applications on most other systems, Android applications don't have a single entry point (there's no main() function, for example). Because the system runs each application in a separate process with file permissions that restrict access to other applications, your application cannot directly activate a component from another application. The Android s ystem, however, can. So, to activate a component in another application, you must deliver a message to the system that specifies your intent to start a particular component. The system then activates the component for you. Activating Components Three of the four component types—activities, services, and broadcast receivers—are activated by an asynchronous message called an intent. Intents bind individual components to each other at runtime (you can think of them as the messengers that request an action from other components), whether the component belongs to your application or another. An intent is created with an Intent object, which defines a message to activate either a specific component or a specific type of component—an intent can be either explicit or implicit, respectively.